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Corante Blogs examine, through the eyes of leading observers, analysts, thinkers, and doers, critical themes and memes in technology, business, law, science, and culture.

The Press Will Be Outsourced Before Stopped

Vin Crosbie, on the challenges, financial and otherwise, that newspaper publishers are facing: "The real problem, Mr. Newspaperman, isn't that your content isn't online or isn't online with multimedia. It's your content. Specifically, it's what you report, which stories you publish, and how you publish them to people, who, by the way, have very different individual interests. The problem is the content you're giving them, stupid; not the platform its on."
by Vin Crosbie in Rebuilding Media

Travels In Numerica Deserta

There's a problem in the drug industry that people have recognized for some years, but we're not that much closer to dealing with it than we were then. We keep coming up with these technologies and techniques which seem as if they might be able to help us with some of our nastiest problems - I'm talking about genomics in all its guises, and metabolic profiling, and naturally the various high-throughput screening platforms, and others. But whether these are helping or not (and opinions sure do vary), one thing that they all have in common is that they generate enormous heaps of data.
by Derek Lowe in In the Pipeline

Disrobing the Emperor: The online “user experience” isn't much of one

Now that the Web labor market is saturated and Web design a static profession, it's not surprising that 'user experience' designers and researchers who've spent their careers online are looking for new worlds to conquer. Some are returning to the “old media” as directors and producers. More are now doing offline consulting (service experience design, social policy design, exhibition design, and so on) under the 'user experience' aegis. They argue that the lessons they've learned on the Web can be applied to phenomena in the physical and social worlds. But there are enormous differences...
by Bob Jacobson in Total Experience

Second Life: What are the real numbers?

Clay Shirky, in deconstructing Second Life hype: "Second Life is heading towards two million users. Except it isn’t, really... I suspect Second Life is largely a 'Try Me' virus, where reports of a strange and wonderful new thing draw the masses to log in and try it, but whose ability to retain anything but a fraction of those users is limited. The pattern of a Try Me virus is a rapid spread of first time users, most of whom drop out quickly, with most of the dropouts becoming immune to later use."
by Clay Shirky in Many-to-Many

The democratisation of everything

Over the last few years we've seen old barriers to creativity coming down, one after the other. New technologies and services makes it trivial to publish text, whether by blog or by print-on-demand. Digital photography has democratised a previously expensive hobby. And we're seeing the barriers to movie-making crumble, with affordable high-quality cameras and video hosting provided by YouTube or Google Video and their ilk... Music making has long been easy for anyone to engage in, but technology has made high-quality recording possible without specialised equipment, and the internet has revolutionised distribution, drastically disintermediating the music industry... What's left? Software maybe? Or maybe not."
by Suw Charman in Strange Attractor

RNA Interference: Film at Eleven

Derek Lowe on the news that the Nobel Prize for medicine has gone to Craig Mello and Andrew Fire for their breakthrough work: "RNA interference is probably going to have a long climb before it starts curing many diseases, because many of those problems are even tougher than usual in its case. That doesn't take away from the discovery, though, any more than the complications of off-target effects take away from it when you talk about RNAi's research uses in cell culture. The fact that RNA interference is trickier than it first looked, in vivo or in vitro, is only to be expected. What breakthrough isn't?"
by Derek Lowe in In the Pipeline

PVP and the Honorable Enemy

Andrew Phelps: "Recently my WoW guild has been having a bit of a debate on the merits of Player-vs.-Player (PvP) within Azeroth. My personal opinion on this is that PvP has its merits, and can be incredible fun, but the system within WoW is horridly, horribly broken. It takes into account the concept of the battle, but battle without consequence, without emotive context, and most importantly, without honor..."

From later in the piece: "When I talk about this with people (thus far anyway) I typically get one of two responses, either 'yeah, right on!' or 'hey, it’s war, and war isn’t honorable – grow the hell up'. There is a lot to be said for that argument – but the problem is that war in the real historical world has very different constraints that are utterly absent from fantasized worlds..."
by Andrew Phelps in Got Game

Rats Rule, Right?

Derek Lowe: "So, you're developing a drug candidate. You've settled on what looks like a good compound - it has the activity you want in your mouse model of the disease, it's not too hard to make, and it's not toxic. Everything looks fine. Except. . .one slight problem. Although the compound has good blood levels in the mouse and in the dog, in rats it's terrible. For some reason, it just doesn't get up there. Probably some foul metabolic pathway peculiar to rats (whose innards are adapted, after all, for dealing with every kind of garbage that comes along). So, is this a problem?.."
by Derek Lowe in In the Pipeline

Really BAD customer experience at Albertsons Market

Bob Jacobson, on shopping at his local Albertsons supermarket where he had "one of the worst customer experiences" of his life: "Say what you will about the Safeway chain or the Birkenstock billionaires who charge through the roof for Whole Foods' organic fare, they know how to create shopping environments that create a more pleasurable experience, at its best (as at Whole Foods) quite enjoyable. Even the warehouses like Costco and its smaller counterpart, Smart & Final, do just fine: they have no pretentions, but neither do they dump virtual garbage on the consumer merely to create another trivial revenue stream, all for the sake of promotions in the marketing department..."
by Strange Attractor in Total Experience

The Guardian's "Comment is Free"

Kevin Anderson: "First off, I want to say that I really admire the ambition of the Guardian Unlimited’s Comment is Free. It is one of the boldest statements made by any media company that participation needs to be central to a radical revamp of traditional content strategies... It is, therfore, not hugely surprising to find that Comment is Free is having a few teething troubles..."
by Kevin Anderson in strange
In the Pipeline: Don't miss Derek Lowe's excellent commentary on drug discovery and the pharma industry in general at In the Pipeline

The Loom

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October 17, 2004

Genetic Ghosts of Hominids Past

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Posted by Carl Zimmer

erectus.gif Last week I blogged about the strange story of our past encoded in the DNA of lice. We carry two lineages of lice, one of which our Homo sapiens ancestors may have picked up in Asia from another hominid, Homo erectus. I always get a kick imagining human beings, having migrated out of Africa around 50,000 years ago, coming face to face with other species of upright, tool-making, big-brained apes. It's pretty clear that it happened in Europe, which was occupied by both humans and Neanderthals for several thousand years. But encountering Homo erectus would be even weirder. Studies on DNA suggest humans and Neanderthals share an ancestor dating back half a million years or so. But Homo erectus moved into Asia 1.8 million years ago. These were long-lost cousins, to put it mildly. What's more, they almost certainly had nothing along the lines of human language. Their brains were very different too; they kept making the same stone tools they had been making since they had left Africa. I can't help imagining it would have been an awkward encounter, or even a bloody one. Yet it was close enough for us to pick up their lice.

Hot on the heels of the lice study, a new study on human DNA offers some more support to the idea of a very intimate reunion. Until now, most studies of human genes have pointed to Africa as their origin. If you draw a tree of the various versions of a gene, the deepest branches often belong primarily to living Africans. Some genetic markers are shared almost exclusively by Europeans and Asians, which may have evolved as humans moved out of Africa. These patterns suggested that humans sweeping out of Africa did not interbreed with Neanderthals or Homo erectus. Or, if they did, none of the DNA of those other hominids is around today. But in a paper in press in Molecular Biology and Evolution, University of Arizona scientists report the discovery of a gene that flouts the pattern.

Known as RRM2P4, this gene has its roots in Asia. Over half of people sampled from South China had the oldest version of the gene, while only 1 out of 177 Africans who were surveyed had it. And by studying the variation in different versions of the gene, the researchers concluded that the most recent common ancestor of them existed 2 million years ago. The simplest explanation for this pattern is that at least a few humans and Homo erectus came face to face in Asia and had kids.

The authors point out that the gene they looked at isn't big enough to offer a huge amount of statistical confidence. That will have to wait for other genes with Asian roots, if they're out there. But if RRM2P4 is any guide, humans and Homo erectus didn't just trade lice. Our hominid cousins may not have been able to survive as a species with us in the neighborhood, but all was not war between the species.

Comments (5) + TrackBacks (0) | Category: Evolution


COMMENTS

1. the bunyip on October 18, 2004 09:10 AM writes...

Multi-regionalism lives!

Can't wait to see the responses to this finding. Having just finished two books claiming to hammer the final nails in MR's casket, it's interesting to see nail pops emerge.

It's all just a plot by Americans to discredit Charles Darwin, right?

stephen

Permalink to Comment

2. Monte on October 18, 2004 10:21 AM writes...

Of course we're the only surviving hominid twig. Visit any zoo's primate house, and watch the people watching the primates. The reactions -- from 'awwww, cute' to 'eeeeww, gross' to 'hahaha, looks like you, Lenny' -- are peculiarly strong when so often their behavior seems to parody ours.

I suspect we found anything closer than orangs and chimps to be very uncomfortable neighbors (too smart to domesticate? too dumb to enslave? too much like us to ignore?) and killed it off.

Cf. Dawkins' suggestion that there may be an inherent them-vs-us sorting mechanism at work in the creation of "races" from a trivial handful of genes.

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3. seth on October 18, 2004 06:53 PM writes...

curious if Carl's discussion of evolution and genetics is corroborborated with the fossil record we have of hominids? I would venture that it would not be AS definitive to draw conclusions on homo erectus and homo sapiens meetings based solely on DNA consensus pattern studies?

Permalink to Comment

4. seth on October 18, 2004 06:53 PM writes...

spelling is off, sorry.

Permalink to Comment

5. richard parker on October 26, 2004 01:07 AM writes...

Carl Zimmer 25-10-04

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